My Personal Philosophy of Education :: Philosophy of Education

Individual Philosophy of Education I would not be viewed as your run of the mill understudy looking for training degree. I am a multi year old male, wedded, with two kids, and taking a shot at my subsequent vocation. My past life comprised of working in the coal mineshafts till I was harmed. My physical issue, be that as it may, is viewed as a surprisingly beneficial turn of events. My physical issue has leaded me to the universe of instruction. I have seen direct the distinction an instructor can make in the life of a kid; the youngster was my own child. My oldest child, determined to have Asperger’s Syndrome, couldn't convey. He had the chance to be joined up with the early intercession program in Raleigh County. The primary individual with the test of helping my kid couldn't satisfy her jobs and think â€Å"outside about the box† to contact him. My significant other and I quickly looked for the suitable teacher for him. My family was honored when we discovered â€Å"Ms. Mitzi†. In the matter of weeks our child had the option to tell his mother he adored her. This affected my life essentially and I wish to have the option to give what was given to my kid and my family. I picked training as my vocation way since I would like to have the option to have a little effect in a child’s life. Over and over I have seen youngsters being taught ineffectively as well as not having proper good examples throughout their life. I feel that an instructor must not exclusively have the option to pass on to the understudy the homeroom material, yet additionally be an advisor, mentor, coach, and a parent. Neglecting to satisfy these jobs allows a kid to sneak past the instructive framework without having the chance to impact them somewhat. I can not limit my instructive way of thinking to one region. I have contemplated the educator focused ways of thinking and I would see myself as to some degree varied, having a blend of progressivism and essentialism. Essentialism will be Essentialism alludes to the conventional or Simple way to deal with training.

Space Race Essay -- essays research papers

We have constantly imagined about arriving at the sky. From antiquated human advancements to the cutting edge world, our fixation of going into space has developed from contemplating the stars to genuine investigation of room. We have made some amazing progress since crude diagrams of heavenly bodies. From telescopes to satellites, we as a populace have advanced extraordinarily in the realm of innovation. In a negligible forty years, we have had more innovative advances than the Industrial Revolution. The Space Race has influenced our regular day to day existences; we utilize a similar innovation that the space explorers utilized during their missions for instance computerized tickers (Dismukes http://spaceflight.nasa.gov). Numerous enterprises have profited, correspondence organizations, mechanical producers, and the clinical field. Because of this innovative upheaval, the world has decreased. With the innovation picked up from the Space Race, we can perform clinical undertakings th at just existed in the fantasies of specialists; we can speak with someone else on the opposite side of the world right away, not days or months. Without the Space Race we would not have the mechanical advances that exist today. We as a populace would have been left with the innovation of the 1930’s. Germany, which has consistently been at the bleeding edge of building, spearheaded the innovation for early rocketry. They kicked off something new with the advances that they achieved. The Germans enthusiasm for having rockets was because of the way that after World War I the country was restricted in having long-run big guns, for example, a slug that can go a few miles; rather Germany had started explore on rocket innovation. A great part of the achievement is credited to Hermann Oberth and Werner von Braun. Oberth composed The Rocket Into Interplanetary Space. Afterward, his work propelled future rocket engineers, and von Braun, alongside his understudies, built up the scandalous V-2 rocket, later utilized in World War II (Neal 17). With the information picked up from the examination of Oberth and von Braun, the German military has constructed the V-1 and the V-2, which has been named the â€Å"Vengeance Weapon† (Neal 19). During World War II, the American partners were surrounding the German fortification, and Hitler was frightened, and he gave the assembling of infamous V-1 and V-2s. Von Braun and Oberth unwittingly began another time ever, the arrangement of innovative advances, that would change the world... ...TI was set up, the Search for Extra Terrestrial Intelligence. Maybe we will before long discover the appropriate response Deward, John and Nancy. History of NASA America’s Voyage to the Stars. New York:      Bison Book Corp., 1984 Dismukes, Kim. â€Å"NASA Human Space Flight.† Dec. 10, 2000.â â â â â <http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/> (Dec. 4, 2000) McAleer, Neil. The Omni Space Almanac. New York: Scripps Howard Company, 1987 Murray, Charles and Catherine Cox. Apollo the Race to the Moon. New York: Simonâ â â â â and Schuster, 1989 National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Kennedy Space Center Story.      Kennedy Space Center, 1974 Neal, Valerie, Cathleen Lewis, and Frank Winter. Smithsonian Guides: Space Flight.          New York: Macmillan Publishing, 1995 Needal, Allan. The First 25 Years in Space. Washington D.C.: Smithsonian Institute,  â â â â 1993 Snedden, Robert. twentieth Century Inventions Rockets and Spacecraft. Austin: Steck-     Vaughn Company, 1998 Walter, William. Space Age. New York: Random House, 1992 Space Race Essay - expositions look into papers We have constantly envisioned about arriving at the sky. From antiquated civic establishments to the cutting edge world, our fixation of going into space has developed from considering the stars to genuine investigation of room. We have made some amazing progress since crude outlines of star groupings. From telescopes to satellites, we as a populace have advanced incredibly in the realm of innovation. In a minor forty years, we have had more mechanical advances than the Industrial Revolution. The Space Race has influenced our regular day to day existences; we utilize a similar innovation that the space travelers utilized during their missions for instance advanced timekeepers (Dismukes http://spaceflight.nasa.gov). Numerous businesses have profited, correspondence organizations, modern makers, and the clinical field. Because of this mechanical insurgency, the world has decreased. With the innovation picked up from the Space Race, we can perform clinical undertakings that just existed in the fantasies of specialists; we can speak with someone else on the opposite side of the world in a moment or two, not days or months. Without the Space Race we would not have the innovative advances that exist today. We as a populace would have been left with the innovation of the 1930’s. Germany, which has consistently been at the front line of building, spearheaded the innovation for early rocketry. They kicked off something new with the advances that they achieved. The Germans enthusiasm for having rockets was because of the way that after World War I the country was restricted in having long-extend gunnery, for example, a projectile that can go a few miles; rather Germany had started examine on rocket innovation. A significant part of the achievement is credited to Hermann Oberth and Werner von Braun. Oberth composed The Rocket Into Interplanetary Space. Afterward, his work spurred future rocket engineers, and von Braun, alongside his understudies, built up the notorious V-2 rocket, later utilized in World War II (Neal 17). With the information picked up from the examination of Oberth and von Braun, the German military has manufactured the V-1 and the V-2, which has been named the â€Å"Vengeance Weapon† (Neal 19). During World War II, the American partners were surrounding the German fortress, and Hitler was alarmed, and he gave the assembling of famous V-1 and V-2s. Von Braun and Oberth unconsciously began another time ever, the arrangement of innovative advances, that would change the world... ...TI was built up, the Search for Extra Terrestrial Intelligence. Maybe we will before long discover the appropriate response Deward, John and Nancy. History of NASA America’s Voyage to the Stars. New York:      Bison Book Corp., 1984 Dismukes, Kim. â€Å"NASA Human Space Flight.† Dec. 10, 2000.â â â â â <http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/> (Dec. 4, 2000) McAleer, Neil. The Omni Space Almanac. New York: Scripps Howard Company, 1987 Murray, Charles and Catherine Cox. Apollo the Race to the Moon. New York: Simonâ â â â â and Schuster, 1989 National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Kennedy Space Center Story.      Kennedy Space Center, 1974 Neal, Valerie, Cathleen Lewis, and Frank Winter. Smithsonian Guides: Space Flight.          New York: Macmillan Publishing, 1995 Needal, Allan. The First 25 Years in Space. Washington D.C.: Smithsonian Institute,  â â â â 1993 Snedden, Robert. twentieth Century Inventions Rockets and Spacecraft. Austin: Steck-     Vaughn Company, 1998 Walter, William. Space Age. New York: Random House, 1992

7 Books to Read if You Cant Attend the Womens March on Washington

7 Books to Read if You Cant Attend the Womens March on Washington On Saturday, January 21st, hundreds of thousands (hopefully) of women (and men) will descend on Washington, DC to proclaim that womens rights are human rights. While the march is not an outright protest  against Donald Trump, who will have been inaugurated as the countrys 45th president the day before, Cecile Richards, president of official march partner Planned Parenthood  noted, we will send a strong message to the incoming administration that millions of people across this country are prepared to fight attacks on reproductive health care, abortion services, and access to Planned Parenthood, as they intersect with the rights of young people, people of color, immigrants, and people of all faiths, backgrounds, and incomes. If youre like me and live a prohibitive distance from DC, you can either find a local march  to participate in or spend the day reading march-adjacent books. (You could always join the #24in48 readathon and spend your whole weekend reading!) Heres a reading list for your March day: Hope in the Dark by Rebecca Solnit Originally published in 2004 (now available with a new forward), Solnits essay collection can seem a bit outdated she was writing in the midst of a Bush presidency but its general premise is a good one: that the radical and transformative acts we take as activists dont always have victories that are immediate or measurable, but this doesnt mean we should give up fighting. This is particularly valuable advice as our rights are threatened, and sometimes the only thing we can do is donate $5 or call our congressmen. Freedom Is a Constant Struggle: Ferguson, Palestine, and the Foundations of a Movement by Angela Y. Davis Davis essays, speeches, and criticisms are newly collected in this compendium and focus on fighting an oppressive and violent state. From the publisher: Reflecting on the importance of black feminism, intersectionality, and prison abolitionism for todays struggles, Davis discusses the legacies of previous liberation struggles, from the Black Freedom Movement to the South African anti-Apartheid movement. She highlights connections and analyzes todays struggles against state terror, from Ferguson to Palestine. As this new era under a Trump administration dawns, Davis words are more necessary than ever. Bitch Planet: Vol. 1 by Kelly Sue DeConnick and Valentine De Landro (artist) I will never stop pushing people to read Bitch Planet as a specific response to a Trump presidency and its threats to human rights. Its a modern day version of The Handmaids Tale, but closer and more intersectional than ever. Go read it, get angry, fight the patriarchy. Be non-compliant. What We Do Now: Standing Up for Your Values in Trumps America edited by Denis Johnson and Valerie Merians Hitting shelves just before the inauguration, this diverse collection includes essays from NAACP president Cornell Brooks to Gloria Steinem to Senator Elizabeth Warren to  founder and executive director of National Center for Transgender Equality Mara Keisling to George Saunders. Less an academic exercise, these short essays include measurable, definitive advice for fighting the injustices that are sure to come in Trumps America. As the back cover proclaims, If you make yourself a sheep, the wolves will eat you. (Benjamin Franklin) March by John Lewis,   Andrew Aydin, and Nate Powell A three-volume graphic novel that explores the origin of marching en masse under the brutal tyranny of the 1960s and the importance of these marches to the civil rights movement. Vital and powerful, these graphic novels are a necessary history lesson in understanding American activism and civil disobedience. While the Womens March (and other inauguration protests) will likely be much less violent than those of the civil rights movement as portrayed in  March, the graphic novels should be required reading for anyone engaged in fighting injustice from their government. We Should All Be Feminists by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie This slim 50-page book was adapted from  Adichies TED Talk of the same name and is a powerful defining text of modern day feminism and the importance of inclusion and intersectionality in that definition. When someone questions the idea that womens rights are human rights and human rights are womens rights, just hand them this book. The Feminist Utopia Project: Fifty-Seven Visions of a Wildly Better Future edited by  Alexandra Brodsky and Rachel Kauder Nalebuff When the organizers shout, What do we want? these are a few choice answers from a variety of diverse and cutting edge voices. While Womens March participants and organizers are concerned about stopping the backslide of progress thats currently overtaking our political systems, this anthology envisions a world thats feminist as fuck and challenges us to  demand a radically better future.

The Importance Of Media Literacy - 1737 Words

Indeed, the pervasiveness of media in its abundant forms in contemporary US culture is undeniable. Almost everywhere one looks, one can find forms of media; a magazine at a doctor’s office, a billboard alongside a freeway, a painting at an art gallery, a performance on television or on stage. Media, undeniably, is ubiquitous. However, in all the innumerous forms media comes to us in, every one of these forms is created for a single purpose; to communicate an idea or message. Thus, it the individual’s ability to interpret these forms and decipher their meaning has become critical. But how are students, as well as educators, supposed to interact and interpret media? Propitiously, just as with any subject of study, one must become†¦show more content†¦7-8). Hoechsmann Poyntz furthers Buckingham’s argument by eloquently writing, â€Å"Rather than being positioned as victims, a focus on media†¦ addresses the complex ways youths become agents in th eir life and the lives of others† (Hoechsmann Poyntz, 2012, p. 109). Indeed, because the singular purpose of media is to convey an idea or a message to the masses, media must have an audience; which is to say a group who consumes it. Further, because of its omnipresence in US culture, media will certainly almost always have an audience; for anyone who is exposed to media may be considered part of its audience; whether they consciously acknowledge their participation or not. Consequently, through a variety of forms, such as access to television and the internet, children today are exposed to media from a very early age. Assuredly, as Buckingham suggests, starting from a young age of even four or five, children have already started interacting with media (Buckingham, 2004, p. 41-45). Subsequently, children, from a very early age, most certainly, are members of the media’s audience. However, the central question presented here is whether children should be forced to remain a passive consumer or be encouraged to become an audience’s ac tive participant. Most assuredly,Show MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Media Literacy1184 Words   |  5 Pagesknowledge we can obtain from media is limitless. In order to be fully literate in this era, one needs to obtain knowledge on how to correctly use media. It is crucial to the well being of society that media literacy be included in the United States’ school curriculum. Media is the present and the future and we need to be able to understand how to use it to its unsurpassed ability. One will gain the wisdom on how to access, evaluate, and produce information through media using this addition materialRead MoreMedia Literacy Is Not Just Important1401 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Media literacy is not just important, it’s absolutely critical. It’s going to make the difference between whether kids are a tool of the mass media or whether the mass media is a tool for kids to use† (Linda Ellerbee). In a culture enthralled by the media, the concept of â€Å"Media Literacy† has been one that has materialized multiple definitions. But the most commonly used is that media literacy is the ability to access, analyze, evaluate and produce media in a variety of forms. Since the advent ofRead MoreMass Media Essay720 Words   |  3 Pages Mass Media: Development and Literacy Assignment Emily Lewis Horne University of Phoenix HUM 186 October 30, 2017 The Major Developments of the Mass Media In the textbook, Media and Culture: Mass Communication in a Digital Age, written by Richard Campbell, it talks about wat mass media is and the mass media developments. It said, â€Å"The mass media are the cultural industries—the channels of communication—that produce and distribute songs, novels, TV shows, news- papers, movies, video gamesRead MoreThe Effects Of Mass Media On American Culture951 Words   |  4 PagesEffects of Mass Media Introduction Why is mass media influencing the American culture? This is what we are going to be discussing in this essay. It’s important that we understand where the media has come from and where it is now and the journey that it is taking the American culture in the last century. America has now explored what un-traditional media and it has a major impact on the culture called new media. What were the major developments in the evolution of mass media during the lastRead MoreNew Media Literacies in the Classroom Essay1532 Words   |  7 Pagesfirst used, ‘literacy’ had a very traditional meaning: the ability to read and write (â€Å"Literacy,† 2011). Being literate was the norm, it was required for all and it distinguished race and class. However, as times change and culture emerges and grows, people acquire new knowledge, such as technology, that can very well be identified as literacy, or media literacy. As technology leads the 21st century, students are now expected to excel and master media literacy as well textual literacy (Jenkins, ClintonRead MoreEarly Development And Exposure Of Young Children925 Words   |  4 PagesMany will agree that early development and exposure to literacy are important determinants of the future of young children. Some believe that literacy is obtained from reading, while some believe that social involvement is th e foundation of literacy. There is an existing gap in vocabulary and social development that is observed in children at age 5, which is when they are ready to go to school. This difference in literacy levels is especially noticeable between children raised in high versus lowRead MoreThe Impact Of Media On A Global Level1616 Words   |  7 Pagescivilization, â€Å"literacy† became defined as the ability to interpret a series of squiggles as letters with meaning. Now, as language and modes of communication are evolving, so are the definitions of literacy. Media messages are rapidly assimilating into culture at unprecedented rates, with lasting effects. The makes it just as necessary for people to understand how to interpret media messages as it is for them how to know to read printed language (Thoman Jolls, 2004). While media literacy was initiallyRead MoreTelevision : A New, Evolutionary Technology, Or A Blast From The Past?967 Words   |  4 Pagesamongst American media i n comparing the prevalence of newspapers, radios, motion pictures, and televisions when they were in their primes. They differed in that the later mediums were quicker to receive popularity; however, all four forms rose, stayed on ‘top’ for a period of time, and inevitably fell as they were replaced by a more popular type of media. Despite this pattern, Michael Wolff recently reported that, albeit the internet being widely considered the most popular media of current day,Read MoreDigital Literacy Essay1297 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ Digital Literacy ENG122: English Composition II Angela Temple January 20, 2014 In today’s world it is a requirement to be digitally literate in order to be able to function in a capacity that enables one to be more successful whether it is at home, school, at our jobs or even looking for a job. Over the last few decades our environment has evolved into a digital environment. Being or becoming digitally literate is essential in being successfulRead MoreEssay on Mass Media Development and Lieracy Assignment Options908 Words   |  4 PagesMass Media: Development and Literacy Assignment Options Brittnee Green University Of Phoenix HUM/186 Mass Media: Development and Literacy Assignment Options In today’s society mass media has such an influence whether it is positive or negative. It plays an important role in our everyday lives. Mass media affects everyone in the world. The purpose of mass media is everything tied into the advancement of technology and most often education, news, internet, television, magazines, and so much

Ernest Hemingway, a Legacy for American Literature

Ernest Hemingway, A legacy for American Literature Some say that Hemingways personal life should disqualify him from the literature canon. They state that his torrent affairs, his alcoholism, and his mental state should preclude him from entry into the canon. These are the very things that help to make Hemingway a unique writer. Although his genre is fiction, he relies on his real life experiences with the people and places that he visited. The very definition of the literary canon disputes these critics. The authors that represent the literary canon are those that are widely assigned in high school and college classrooms and have had a great influence on other authors. Literary critics and historians frequently and fully discuss†¦show more content†¦Scott Fitzgerald, and James Joyce proclaimed him the next great American novelist. (Burgess) Hemingways influence goes beyond the more recognized fiction authors. His tightly written prose is in quite a bit of Western and Crime genre novels by Elmore Leonard. (American Authors) Leonard once said, I learned by imitating HemingwayÂ… Although, I didnt take myself or anything as seriously as he did. (Qtd. Burgess) Hemingways impact on Latin American Literature can be seen in the works of Gabriel Garcia Marquez, who imitated Hemingways view of mans struggle with the sea in many of his novels. Marquez not only emulates Hemingways view, he also duplicates his writing style. (Burgess) Hemingways first three books, Three Stories and Ten Poems (1923), In Our Time (short stories, 1924), and The Torrents of Spring (a novel, 1926), had fascinated critics chiefly because of his literary style. Hemingways first novel, The Sun Also Rises (1926), won him worldwide fame. A plot less story concerning disheartened refugees in Paris who break away from their boredom with alcohol consumption, fighting, and sex; this novel turned outShow MoreRelatedTaking a Look at Ernest Hemingway1167 Words   |  5 PagesErnest Hemingway Research Paper Ernest Hemingway was an extraordinary individual. There was a lot more to his life than most readers know about. His writing was influenced by the lifestyle that he led. Hemingway was an adventurous person that liked to live life to its fullest. Just like everyone, he made decisions that were both good and bad, and his decisions and actions shaped his writing style. Hemmingway found a great deal of success and his career was topped off with him being awarded theRead MoreErnest Hemingway, the Writer of Lost Generation Essay1322 Words   |  6 PagesLiving in the overwhelming burden of the war, the â€Å"Lost Generation†, which Ernest Hemingway was a part of, was a group of people spending their spring of life in warfare and aftereffect of war (Lost Generation). He was a laureate of the Novel Prize in Literature in 1954 as an influential American novelist. Ernest Hemingway expressed his experience and sentiments in his writings, exerting profound impact on American Literature (Nobel Prize). His birth, upbringing, employment, literary works, and effectRead MoreThe Old Man And The Sea By Ernest Hemingway1599 Words   |  7 Pages2950 Broadway New York, NY USA 10027 Dear Pulitzer Prize Judging Board: The Old Man and the Sea by American author, Ernest Hemingway deserved the Pulitzer Prize it received because of the author s use of craft elements, the realness of all of the characters and events, and the lasting themes that are relevant to the year it was written that were created by this realness, which in turn created a legacy. The first reason The Old Man and the Sea deserved its Pulitzer Prize is because of the author’sRead MoreThe Clouded Life Of Ernest Hemingway2032 Words   |  9 PagesThe Clouded Life of Ernest Hemingway â€Å"Every man s life ends the same way. It is only the details of how he lived and how he died that distinguish one man from another,† (Hemingway). The details of Ernest Hemingway’s life are nothing short of remarkable. The dash between the dates on his gravestone more than distinguish him from the notable mid-century authors he competed with. The life and works of Hemingway has stimulated the minds of people all over the world for the last one-hundred and sixteenRead More hemingway Essay1427 Words   |  6 Pages Ernest Hemingway was an American writer. He was born in 1899 in Oak Park, Illinois. He committed suicide in 1961 in Ketchum, Idaho (Burges 17). Even today Hemingway is one of the most recognized authors in the world. Hemingway’s experiences during World War I are directly shown in many of his works. His general outlook on life is reflected in the adventures of his characters. It is clear that Hemingway had a desire to be part of the war even though, due to bad vision he was unable to enlist in theRead MoreThe Old Man And The Sea1238 Words   |  5 Pageslive on, Ernest Hemingway being a prime example. With his straight forward style of writing and his Sinatra-esque personality his name still continues to live on to this day. His most famous work called â€Å"The Old Man and the Sea† which follows and old washed up fisherman whom is down on his luck embarks on a voyage where he is thrown into a long bout with a tremendous marlin. The novel landed Hemingway a Pulitzer Prize in 1953 signifying the peak of his career. After this novel Hemingway copingRead MoreResearch Paper On Ernest Hemingway1640 Words   |  7 Pagescom/plagiarism_checker/show_full/f9b44ec8d07565b Bella Calcara Mr. Balistreri Research Paper 15 September 2017 Ernest Hemingway Although Ernest Hemingway might be an older author, he has written some classic novels, such as The Old Man and the Sea and For Whom the Bell Tolls. This American short story writer and novelist was around years ago. Born in 1899, Ernest was raised by his parents, Clarence and Grace Hemingway. Growing up, Ernest and his parents loved to spend time away from their home in Chicago, Illinois. The familyRead MoreAnalysis Of Chekhovs The Lady With The Dog 1546 Words   |  7 Pagesthe story; it is used to indicate the passing of time and to indicate that the characters’ are trying to escape their everyday lives. In Hemingway’s â€Å" Hills Like White Elephants†, Hemingway uses setting and character language in order to convey, but not say the topic of the characters conversation. Chekhov and Hemingway use biographical references throughout their works in order to create more complex characters and settings. Anton Chekhov, born in Taganrog, Russia on January 17, 1860, was consideredRead MoreAn Analysis Of Ernest Hemingway s The Old Man 1678 Words   |  7 PagesErnest Hemingway?s The Old Man in the Sea is one of his most memorable books. He was trying to send us all a message about the struggles of everyday life. He wrote the book with minimal amounts of characters but with many examples of symbolism. The way Hemingway wrote this novel he left it open for interpretation despite his claim that there no hidden messages. Hemingway?s use of symbolism was very evident in this book. Many of us can interpret each symbol differently. Some critics believe hisRead More Ernest Hemingway Essay1638 Words   |  7 PagesErnest Hemingway The writer/artist that I chose to enlighten you with has inspired many writers as well as literature majors for many years. He continues to tickle our imaginations with the legacy that he has left us with. This man was as genuine as you can get. He was loved by many. He made an impact on any life that he came across. This man is non other than, Ernest Hemingway. Hemingway was a free spirit in an unattached sense. He loved adventure, as well as the drink. He was somewhat

Fundamentals of Local Area Networks Free Essays

1. A family wishes to connect several devices to share an internet connection and a Bluetooth wireless printer. They have three personal computers. We will write a custom essay sample on Fundamentals of Local Area Networks or any similar topic only for you Order Now One is in the same room as the printer. The other two are together in another room. In addition, they want to utilize the network for an internet-enabled television and a VoIP phone. †¢Describe what network device or devices you would recommend they purchase and explain why. My recommendations for this family are to subscribe to a cable internet or DSL service provider. They will need a modem which acts as the gateway for their network. I would have then purchase a wireless Concurrent dual band 802. 11n router and wiring that connect the modem to the router. This would allow them to connect all of their devices over a wireless network and would enable them to send print jobs to the printer through the Bluetooth connection; they will be able to connect their internet-enabled TV thru the wireless network. I would recommend them to purchase a VoIP phone that can be connected into their computer or router. I feel that this would be the simplest solution for this family. Describe the media utilized. The type of media that will be utilized is wireless 802. 11 for the network and 802. 15. 3 for the Bluetooth printer (Kay, 2006). 2. An enterprise level company wishes to set up a network to support several hundred business users as well as manufacturing equipment in a new building. Describe what network device or devices you would recommend they purchase and explain why. My recommendations would be they purchase: Network swi tch this is a network appliance used for routing information from one computer to another similar. Routers act as a network gateway, and are often used between an organization’s local network and the Internet this would give them a good firewall. Bridges help to direct the traffic over the network. Cat 6 cabling will be used to connect each work station. Fiber-optic cabling will be used to connect hubs to each other. Servers they will manage the access service in the network. †¢Make a list describing different common types of server applications. File serving allows users to share information over the network. The main purpose of a file server is to reduce the amount of storage programs, applications, and files take up on a client’s workstation. A file server can also house database table information (White, 2011). Mail serving is a computer that keeps a record of each email that goes in and out of the network (White, 2011). Print serving usually a computer that is connected to one or more printers that other client workstations can connect to, that accepts print jobs and sends them to the appropriate printer or assigns the print jobs the appropriate priority (White, 2011). Video/media serving this allows for streaming of videos on demand, and for the storage, and recall, of digital media, including pictures, music, and videos (White, 2011). Monitoring and Distributed Processing can s be utilized to monitor network resources and health, but when workstations are idle, the processor’s power can be put to good use by applying that power to other processes, thus by increasing overall efficiency (White, 2011). †¢Show which of these applications would you combine together on a single server and which you would use separate servers for. Explain your choices of which to combine and which to leave separate. The applications I would combine are the mail serving, file serving, video/media serving because combining these file will save a lot of storage space. This is the setup we have at my job and it works well. 3. For the network that you have chosen to characterize, identify all network devices utilized and explain the purpose of each in the network. The following devices make up my network a cable modem, this act as the gateway to the internet. A wireless router this device connects all the computers and printer to my network, allowing them to communicate and access the internet. Through the wireless access to the network, they will also have access to the print server, which is housed on the main computer, and thus the printer. References: Kay, R. (2006). UWB, Bluetooth and IEEE 802. 15. 3 Retrieved from: http://www. computerworld. com/s/article/110298/UWB_Bluetooth_and_IEEE_802. 15. 3 White, C. (2011). Data Communications and Computer Networks. (6th ed. ). Cengage Learning. Unit 5 Assignment Rubric Project Requirements|Possible Points|Earned Points| A family wishes to connect several devices to share an internet connection and a bluetooth wireless printer. They have three personal computers. One is in the same room as the printer. The other two are together in another room. In addition, they want to utilize the network for an internet-enabled television and a VoIP phone. Describe what network device or devices you would recommend they purchase and explain why. Also describe the media utilized. Note, you are not required to detail the topology utilized, but thinking about this will help you to choose and justify your device choices. |15|| An enterprise level company wishes to set up a network to support several hundred business users as well as manufacturing equipment in a new building. Describe what network device or devices you would recommend they purchase and explain why. Note, you are not required to detail the media or topology utilized, but thinking about these will help you to choose and justify your device choices. 15|| Make a list describing different common types of server applications. Show which of these applications you would combine together on a single server and which you would use separate servers for. Explain your choices of which to combine and which to leave separate. |10|| For the network that you have chosen to characterize, identify all network devices utilized and explain the purpose of each in the network. |15|| Total (Sum of all points)|55|| Point deducted for spelling, grammar and/or APA errors|| Adjusted Total points||| How to cite Fundamentals of Local Area Networks, Papers

The Statue of David by Michelangelo

The Statue of David by Michelangelo-A Masterpiece Essay Summary The Renaissance was a European phenomenon in the world of art and letters, which was found operative at the beginning of the 16th century all over Europe. It was a sort of the revival of learning-a New Learning-and a renewed interest in art and letters. It had a venerable attachment to the golden literary and artistic past of classical antiquity and an enthusiastic fondness for creative, imaginative and emotive freshness. It had a tremendous impact on the European mind and quickened its liberation from medieval dogmatism and feudal tyranny. We will write a custom essay on The Statue of David by Michelangelo-A Masterpiece Summary specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The Renaissance brought bout the liberation of human thoughts and feelings and opened a wide vista of emotional freedom, imaginative flights and philosophical speculations in the sphere of art and literature. The statue of David, made by Michelangelo between 1501 and 1504, is a masterpiece of the Renaissance art. It is a seventeen feet tall sculpture of the biblical hero David, which was a favored subject in the art of Florence. In 1501, Florence had Just become independent from the Medici rule. This statue was commissioned by the Florentine council to be a gigantic model of heroic youth which loud seem to protect Florence from the aggressors. The statue of David was one of the first structures of the male nude. The statue of David was built out of a block of smooth marble purchased from the famous quarries in Cascara. It was initially commissioned to Agitations did Deduce in 1466. He did not manage to work too much on it, and the contract was later terminated. Ten years after this, Antonio Reselling started working on it, but the contract was terminated again as no real progress was being made. The block thus lay exposed to the elements for twenty years before Michelangelo started working on it. Although he was not very happy at having to work on a block of second-hand marble, the contract with the Guild of Wool Merchants of Florence mentioned that the block intended was badly roughened out, stating that the block was too valuable a commodity to waste. The statue was intended to be placed on the top of the Florence Cathedral. However, when it was finished, the beauty of the sculpture and its weight ruled out placing it at the top of the cathedral. It was too heavy to be lifted, and it was considered that people should have closer access to such a marvelous work of art. It was finally placed in the Piazza Della Signora outside the Palazzo Vehicle. Unlike the earlier sculptures of David by Overreach and Denotable, which showed David standing triumphant over the head of Goliath, the giant he had Just slain, Michelangelo portrays David with a slingshot and stone. He appears tense more in a mental than a physical sense, but not alarmed, and seems prepared for battle. His sling is small and not too emphasized, showing that the victory was not so much due to physical prowess as due to faith in oneself ND desire to do the right thing. Michelangelo has depicted David at the moment when he showed the most courage-when he took up the challenge to fight Goliath. This decision was a crucial one, and reflected much more of his character than the moment when he finally killed Goliath. Michelangelo shows David not as the victor, choice and conscious action, when he made the choice to fight Goliath to protect his people, even though he had no armor and got ready with Just a slingshot and five smooth stones. For the people of Florence, for whom freedom had been newly found ND was under threat, the statue seemed to reflect the courage and determination of the brave who are determined to keep their city safe. The figure is menacing, but this is not fuelled by aggression. There is no tension in the arms or legs. .ud9680df15a72bf03b7cd88282929c317 , .ud9680df15a72bf03b7cd88282929c317 .postImageUrl , .ud9680df15a72bf03b7cd88282929c317 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud9680df15a72bf03b7cd88282929c317 , .ud9680df15a72bf03b7cd88282929c317:hover , .ud9680df15a72bf03b7cd88282929c317:visited , .ud9680df15a72bf03b7cd88282929c317:active { border:0!important; } .ud9680df15a72bf03b7cd88282929c317 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud9680df15a72bf03b7cd88282929c317 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud9680df15a72bf03b7cd88282929c317:active , .ud9680df15a72bf03b7cd88282929c317:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud9680df15a72bf03b7cd88282929c317 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud9680df15a72bf03b7cd88282929c317 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud9680df15a72bf03b7cd88282929c317 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud9680df15a72bf03b7cd88282929c317 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud9680df15a72bf03b7cd88282929c317:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud9680df15a72bf03b7cd88282929c317 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud9680df15a72bf03b7cd88282929c317 .ud9680df15a72bf03b7cd88282929c317-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud9680df15a72bf03b7cd88282929c317:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: David Hager EssayThe statue is of a young but mature man with the knotted muscles of an athlete, a huge rib cage and a confident stance. It seems to be keeping watch over the city. A million visitors gather till today to see this awe-inspiring piece of work, but it was originally built with the political message of David ready to take on Goliath, symbolizing that the people of Florence were ready to face any challenge to keep their freedom. The statues warning eyes were turned towards Rome, hoping to keep invaders at bay. The statue provides almost life-like details of the human body even though human anatomy was forbidden during this time. Michelangelo was constrained by the second-hand marble he was using, but managed to carve a slim youth with a muscular built. Hush knowledge of the human form has recorded perfectly the shepherd lad with the strap of the slingshot across his back. However, on viewing the statue closely, it appears that the upper body is larger in proportion to the lower body. However, as Lois Fischer-Rather says in her book Understanding Art, No longer does the figure remain still in a Classical contrasts stance, but rather extends into the surrounding space away from a vertical axis. This movement outward from a central core forces the viewer to take into account both the form and the space between and surrounding the forms-?in order to appreciate the complete composition. The hands also appear to be large in proportion to the body. The disproportion could probably eave been due to the fact that Michelangelo had carved the statue keeping in mind that it was to be kept on the top of a cathedral. It could also be that the hands were purposely made too large to depict that man is naturally a violent and greedy creature. When one walks around the statue of David, he would find the appearance changing dramatically. The right hand side of the statue appears calm and composed, but the left hand side is dramatically different. It is dynamic and active, as is evident from the posture of the stretched leg all the way to the disheveled hair. It loud be that Michelangelo made the body parts disproportionate to achieve this effect. The eyes too vary greatly. From any given position, only one of his eyes are visible at one time. When one approaches the statue from the left, the left eye appears to be staring at a point behind and above the viewer, as if focusing on Goliath. From this position, the right eye appears to be hidden behind the sling and is hence not visible. On approaching from the right side, the right eye is visible while the left eye disappears. David would have thrown the stone towards his left, hence he left eye moves in the direction of the body intended move. The right eye, when combined with the rest of the body, reflects power, cunning and intelligence. The statue of David was moved from Piazza Della Signora to Galleria dialectical in 1873 to protect it from decay and keep it safe. A replica of the original was placed in Piazza Della Signora. The Renaissance was the rebirth of mans life on earth, when he was free from the shackles of authority and free to understand the universe. So much as it is Michelangelo projection of man at his very best-vigorous, healthy, dutiful, rational and competent form. It expresses a heroic view of man and a universal appeal to his success. Today, when man is again viewed by intellectuals as an ugly, corrupt being, trapped in an incomprehensible universe and lacking control over his own destiny, man is no longer viewed as a serious subject for art. But this magnificent sculpture of the bygone years instills in us a sense of faith, hope and glory, and above all leads us to believe again that one man can indeed make a difference, and man can control not only his destiny, but also that of his clan. The Statue of David by Michelangelo The Statue of David by Michelangelo-A Masterpiece Essay The Renaissance was a European phenomenon in the world of art and letters, which was found operative at the beginning of the 16th century all over Europe. It was a sort of the revival of learning-a New Learning-and a renewed interest in art and letters. It had a venerable attachment to the golden literary and artistic past of classical antiquity and an enthusiastic fondness for creative, imaginative and emotive freshness. It had a tremendous impact on the European mind and quickened its liberation from medieval dogmatism and feudal tyranny. The Renaissance brought bout the liberation of human thoughts and feelings and opened a wide vista of emotional freedom, imaginative flights and philosophical speculations in the sphere of art and literature. The statue of David, made by Michelangelo between 1501 and 1504, is a masterpiece of the Renaissance art. It is a seventeen feet tall sculpture of the biblical hero David, which was a favored subject in the art of Florence. In 1501, Florence had Just become independent from the Medici rule. We will write a custom essay on The Statue of David by Michelangelo-A Masterpiece specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now This statue was commissioned by the Florentine council to be a gigantic model of heroic youth which could seem to protect Florence from the aggressors. The statue of David was one of the first structures of the male nude. The statue of David was built out of a block of smooth marble purchased from the famous quarries in Cascara. It was initially commissioned to Stagnation did Disco in 1466. He did not manage to work too much on it, and the contract was later terminated. Ten years after this, Antonio Reselling started working on it, but the contract was terminated again as no real progress was being made. The block thus lay exposed to the elements for twenty years before Michelangelo started working on it. Although he was not very happy at having to work on a block of second-hand marble, the contract with the Guild of Wool Merchants of Florence mentioned that the block intended was badly roughened out, stating that the block was too valuable a commodity to waste. The statue was intended to be placed on the top of the Florence Cathedral. However, when it was finished, the beauty of the sculpture and its weight ruled out placing it at the top of the cathedral. It was too heavy to be lifted, and it was considered that people should have closer access to such a marvelous work of art. It was finally placed in the Piazza Della Signora outside the Palazzo Vehicle. Unlike the earlier sculptures of David by Overreach and Denotable, which showed David standing triumphant over the head of Goliath, the giant he had Just slain, Michelangelo portrays David with a slingshot and stone. He appears tense more in a mental than a physical sense, but not alarmed, and seems prepared for battle. His sling is small and not too emphasized, showing that the victory was not so much due to physical prowess as due to faith in oneself and desire to do the right thing. Michelangelo has depicted David at the moment when he showed the most courage-when he took up the challenge to fight Goliath. This decision was a crucial one, and reflected much more of his character than the moment when he finally killed Goliath. Michelangelo shows David not as the victor, but at the point in time when he prefigured victory-the moment between conscious choice and conscious action, when he made the choice to fight Goliath to protect his people, even though he had no armor and got ready with Just a slingshot and five smooth stones. For the people of Florence, for whom freedom had been newly found ND was under threat, the statue seemed to reflect the courage and determination of the brave who are determined to keep their city safe. The figure is menacing, but this is not fuelled by aggression. There is no tension in the arms or legs. .u8242684acf63f940314ec403e873a301 , .u8242684acf63f940314ec403e873a301 .postImageUrl , .u8242684acf63f940314ec403e873a301 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8242684acf63f940314ec403e873a301 , .u8242684acf63f940314ec403e873a301:hover , .u8242684acf63f940314ec403e873a301:visited , .u8242684acf63f940314ec403e873a301:active { border:0!important; } .u8242684acf63f940314ec403e873a301 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8242684acf63f940314ec403e873a301 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8242684acf63f940314ec403e873a301:active , .u8242684acf63f940314ec403e873a301:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8242684acf63f940314ec403e873a301 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8242684acf63f940314ec403e873a301 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8242684acf63f940314ec403e873a301 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8242684acf63f940314ec403e873a301 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8242684acf63f940314ec403e873a301:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8242684acf63f940314ec403e873a301 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8242684acf63f940314ec403e873a301 .u8242684acf63f940314ec403e873a301-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8242684acf63f940314ec403e873a301:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Baroque Period EssayThe statue is of a young but mature man with the knotted muscles of an athlete, a huge rib cage and a confident stance. It seems to be keeping watch over the city. A million visitors gather till today to see this awe-inspiring piece of work, but it was originally built with the political message of David ready to take on Goliath, symbolizing that the people of Florence were ready to face any challenge to keep their freedom. The statues warning eyes were turned towards Rome, hoping to keep invaders at bay. The statue provides almost life-like details of the human body even though human anatomy was forbidden during this time. Michelangelo was constrained by the second-hand marble he was using, but managed to carve a slim youth with a muscular built. Hush knowledge of the human form has recorded perfectly the shepherd lad with the strap of the slingshot across his back. However, on viewing the statue closely, it appears that the upper body is larger in proportion to the lower body. However, as Lois Fischer-Rather says in her book Understanding Art, No longer does the figure remain still in a Classical contractors stance, but rather extends into the surrounding space away from a vertical axis. This movement outward from a central core forces the viewer to take into account both the form and the space between and surrounding the forms?in order to appreciate the complete composition. The hands also appear to be large in proportion to the body. The disproportion could probably have been due to the fact that Michelangelo had carved the statue keeping in mind hat it was to be kept on the top of a cathedral. It could also be that the hands were purposely made too large to depict that man is naturally a violent and greedy creature. When one walks around the statue of David, he would find the appearance changing dramatically. The right hand side of the statue appears calm and composed, but the left hand side is dramatically different. It is dynamic and active, as is evident from the posture of the stretched leg all the way to the disheveled hair. It could be that Michelangelo made the body parts disproportionate to achieve this effect. The eyes too vary greatly. From any given position, only one of his eyes are visible at one time. When one approaches the statue from the left, the left eye appears to be staring at a point behind and above the viewer, as if focusing on Goliath. From this position, the right eye appears to be hidden behind the sling and is hence not visible. On approaching from the right side, the right eye is visible while the left eye disappears. David would have thrown the stone towards his left, hence the left eye moves in the direction of the body intended move. The right eye, when embodied with the rest of the body, reflects power, cunning and intelligence. The statue of David was moved from Piazza Della Signora to Galleria dialectical in 1873 to protect it from decay and keep it safe. A replica of the original was placed in Piazza Della Signora. The Renaissance was the rebirth of mans life on earth, when he was free from the shackles of authority and free to understand the universe. Michelangelo David is the best expression of this sense of life. David appeals to us so much as it is Michelangelo projection of man at his very best-vigorous, healthy, dutiful, rational and competent form. It expresses a heroic view of man and a universal appeal to his success. Today, when man is again viewed by intellectuals as an ugly, corrupt being, trapped in an incomprehensible universe and lacking control over his own destiny, man is no longer viewed as a serious subject for art. But this magnificent sculpture of the bygone years instills in us a sense of faith, hope and glory, and above all leads us to believe again that one man can indeed make a difference, and man can control not only his destiny, but also that of his clan.

Flight and The Snake by John Steinbeck Essays

Flight and The Snake by John Steinbeck Essays Flight and The Snake by John Steinbeck Paper Flight and The Snake by John Steinbeck Paper Essay Topic: Flight The Long Valley John Steinbeck is a well-known author who was born in Salinas, California in 1902. The town of Salinas later became the setting of many of his stories, includingâ€Å"Flight† and â€Å"The Snake†, which were short stories in the Long Valley. Steinbeck was well known for his writing style. He was a master of imagery and symbolism, and he made sure the reader had a clear picture of what he was writing. In â€Å"Flight† and â€Å"The Snake† he uses animal references for the main characters, Pepe in â€Å"Flight† and the mysterious woman in â€Å"The Snake†. Besides those references, both stories use color symbolism to describe the character and setting. Both Stories also indicate what happens when an individual is stripped of what they are, either material or psychological. Using these references and symbols makes the readers think more deeply into the story. Even though both stories use similar references and symbolism, the two stories are comp letely different. Many interpretations have been given to both stories so many people will have different opinions on what these two stories mean. As with Steinbeck’s other writings, both â€Å"Flight† and â€Å"The Snake† take place in Salinas, California, one setting out in the Torres ranch and the other setting in a laboratory.â€Å"Flight† tells a tale of an unprepared youth’s failure to achieve maturity (Placentino, 1980) and â€Å"The Snake† tells a story about a Marine Biologist meeting a mysterious woman and what effect she has on him. Animal imagery is used throughout both stories. In â€Å"Flight†, Steinbeck describes Pepe as having as having â€Å"sharp Indian cheekbones and his â€Å"eagle nose†, suggesting his primitive animal-like nature (Placentino, 1980). Snake references are also used for Pepe as when he throws his knife, his wrist â€Å"flicked like a head of a snake† (Placentino, 1980).Similarly, in â€Å"The Snake†, the mysterious woman is described as being snakelike, swaying back an :

(Updated) ACT Essay Scoring Completely Explained

(Updated) ACT Essay Scoring Completely Explained SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips It’s finally that day you’ve circled on your calendar – the day when ACT scores are released. You log into ACTstudent and look at your essay score. There's an "8" for your overall Writing score as well as four different "domain" scores of 6, 8, 9, and 10. What does your ACT Writing score mean and how is your ACT essay scored? This article will shed some light on both of these things. Feature image credit: eppny by woodleywonderworks, used under CC BY 2.0/Resized from original. A Quick Look Into ACT Essay Scoring On test day, you complete the first four sections of the ACT then write your essay. What happens next? Once ACT, Inc. receives your essay, it is scanned and uploaded to an essay grading program for graders to score. In addition, ACT.org states that â€Å"[a]n image of your essay will be available to your high school and the colleges to which you have ACT report your scores from that test date.† Each ACT essay is scored by two different graders on a scale of 1-6 across four different domains, for a total score out of 12 in each domain. These domain scores are then averaged into a total score out of 12. NOTE: The ACT Writing Test from September 2015-June 2016 had a slightly different scoring scale; instead of averaging all the domain scores to get a total ACT Writing score out of 12, the domain scores were combined and scaled into a total score out of 36. On June 28th, 2016, however, ACT, Inc. announced that starting in September of 2016, the Writing test would no longer be scored on a scale of 1-36, due to the confusion this had caused. This change to out-of-12 ACT Writing scores is still different from the pre-September 2015 ACT essay scoring, since that system relied on graders giving the essay one holistic score (rather than 4 analytical domain scores). Because the ACT Writing is optional, your essay score will not be factored into your ACT composite score. It will, however, be factored into your English-Language Arts subscore, which averages your English, Reading, and Writing scores and rounds up to the nearest whole number. So what are the four domains that your essay is scored across? 1. Ideas and Analysis Scores in this domain relate to your discussion of the perspectives on the essay topic. 2. Development and Support Scores in this domain reflect how you develop your points with logical reasoning or specific examples. 3. Organization Scores in this domain relate to your essay's organization on both a macro (overall structure) and micro (within each paragraph) level. 4. Language Use Scores in this domain depend on your command of standard written English (including grammar and punctuation); variety in sentence structure and vocabulary is also rewarded in this domain. Give me a hug by SeasonalOrange, used under CC BY-SA 2.0/Resized from original. Cats: Great sources of amusement, but less great sources of standard written English. For more on what goes into each domain score, read my article on the ACT Writing Rubric. ACT Essay Scoring: Official Policy Every essay is graded by two graders, who must score the essay within one point of each other. If the graders’ scores disagree by more than one point, a third grader will be brought in to resolve the issue. It's currently unclear whether this means a greater-than-one-point difference in domain score or overall essay score between graders – stay tuned for more information. While your essay receives scores in each of the four domain areas, the domains themselves are graded holistically. For example, in the Language Use domain, there are no guidelines that instruct scorers to deduct 1 point for every 10 grammatical errors. Another important part of official ACT essay scoring policy is that factual accuracy is not important. ACT essay graders are not supposed to score essays based on whether or not the facts are accurate. The point of the ACT essay is NOT to write a research paper with well-documented facts on a topic. Instead, you're asked to argue in favor of a perspective on the topic and compare your perspective to the other perspectives given by the ACT in the essay prompt; as long as your examples support your arguments, it doesn't matter if the examples aren't 100% true. ACT Writing Scores in Practice While each domain is graded holistically, there are a few key actions you must take if you want to score above a 2/6 in each domain. I've extracted these ACTions via analysis of the essay scoring rubric as well as through scrutiny of the sample essays the ACT provides on its website. As I go through each domain, I'll be using the following official sample ACT prompt for any examples: Intelligent Machines Many of the goods and services we depend on daily are now supplied by intelligent, automated machines rather than human beings. Robots build cars and other goods on assembly lines, where once there were human workers. Many of our phone conversations are now conducted not with people but with sophisticated technologies. We can now buy goods at a variety of stores without the help of a human cashier. Automation is generally seen as a sign of progress, but what is lost when we replace humans with machines? Given the accelerating variety and prevalence of intelligent machines, it is worth examining the implications and meaning of their presence in our lives. Perspective One Perspective Two Perspective Three What we lose with the replacement of people by machines is some part of our own humanity. Even our mundane daily encounters no longer require from us basic courtesy, respect, and tolerance for other people. Machines are good at low-skill, repetitive jobs, and at high-speed, extremely precise jobs. In both cases they work better than humans. This efficiency leads to a more prosperous and progressive world for everyone. Intelligent machines challenge our long-standing ideas about what humans are or can be. This is good because it pushes both humans and machines toward new, unimagined possibilities. Write a unified, coherent essay about the increasing presence of intelligent machines. In your essay, be sure to clearly state your own perspective on the issue and analyze the relationship between your perspective and at least one other perspective develop and support your ideas with reasoning and examples organize your ideas clearly and logically communicate your ideas effectively in standard written English Your perspective may be in full agreement with any of the others, in partial agreement, or wholly different. Ideas and Analysis You must: Have a clear thesis in your essay. Because you are writing a persuasive essay, it is imperative that you make your position on the topic clear. Otherwise, how can you persuade someone that your view is the correct view? Since you have limited time and have to compare your perspective with at least one of the other perspectives anyway, choose one of the three perspectives given to you by the ACT to argue for in your thesis. You must: Discuss the relationship between your perspective and at least one of the perspectives that the ACT mentions in the prompt. The prompt explicitly states that you need to "analyze the relationship between your perspective and at least one other perspective." If you fail to discuss how your perspective relates to any of the given perspectives, it will be very difficult to score above a 2 or 3 in the Ideas and Analysis Domain. With the above "Intelligent Machines" prompt, for instance, you'd need to compare your position to at least one of the following: how machines cause us to lose our own humanity (Perspective One), how they are efficient and create prosperity (Perspective Two), and how machines challenge us and push us to new possibilities (Perspective Three). Development and Support You must: Support your discussion of each perspective with either reasoning or example. There are a couple of ways you can support your arguments. One way is to use reasoning, which tends to be more abstract. For example, if you were using reasoning to support your argument for Perspective Two, you could discuss how machines taking over lower skill jobs frees up humans to do higher skilled tasks that require more creative thinking. The other way you can support your points is through use of specific examples. For example, to support Perspective Two, you could use the example of how the mass-production of clothes has made it less expensive for everyone to own things like good boots. For a high score in this domain, you must: Discuss both positive and negative aspects of the perspectives you disagree with as well. In order to achieve a high score in this domain, you must show that you understand the complexities of the issue. The main way to do this is to discuss the pros as well as the cons of the perspectives you disagree with. For instance, if you agree with Perspective Two in the above prompt (machines make us more efficient and that’s good), when you discuss Perspective One you should provide a brief instance of that perspective being "sort of" true before moving on to show how it is not as true as Perspective Two. Learn how to juggle both sides of a perspective in our article on how to write an ACT essay step-by-step. Organization You must: Group your ideas logically. Writing an organized essay will make it easier for the essay graders to follow your logic and reasoning. Grouping your ideas logically can mean separating out ideas into different paragraphs (for instance, putting each perspective into its own paragraph), or it can involve clearly linking different aspects of the same idea in the same paragraph. No matter how you plan out your essay, try to make it as easy as possible to follow your arguments. Language Use You must: Write clearly. Being able to communicate clearly is a key skill for college and life in general, so it makes sense that it would be tested on the ACT (a college entrance exam). ACT essay graders care more about the clarity of your thoughts than the fanciness of your language. Clarity of writing normally entails using proper grammar and clear, non-convoluted sentence structures. Throwing in fancy vocab won’t get you anywhere if it makes things less clear instead of more clear (I've seen this happen too many times to count). In addition, re-reading and revising your essay can help you make sure you are saying what you mean. Example of an unclear sentence: Machines are more practical because they are cheaper and so you can hire less people to do the work and pay less money overall and so you have a better profit margin. Example of a clearer sentence (revised): Machines are more practical and cheaper in the long run because you can higher fewer people to get the same work done. Dà ©tail de la machine vapeur Merlin by Frà ©dà ©ric BISSON, used under CC BY 2.0/Resized from original. TURNS out, the steam engine was more practical (and cheaper in the long run) than a thousand people pushing and pulling a train by hand. What Does This Mean for Your ACT Essay? From the lists of actions above, you can probably tell that the most important part of the ACT essay is to be clear. The ACT Writing test is designed to measure insight, not just how advanced your vocabulary is. Remember to... Be clear up front what your perspective on the issue is. Don't hide your thesis. Make it obvious when you’re discussing each perspective (and make sure to discuss the relationship between your perspective and at least one other). Support each argument with reasoning and/or specific examples. Take time to plan so you can write an organized essay. Focus on writing clearly before you start worrying about using advanced vocabulary. What’s Next? Want to learn more about how to write an ACT essay? Read my step-by-step guide to ACT Writing. You've learned what your essay needs to include. But how you do you decode the prompt? Follow along as I teach you how to attack ACT Writing prompts. Is a longer ACT essay always a better ACT essay? Find out how essay length can affect your score on ACT Writing here. Want to improve your ACT score by 4 points? Check out our best-in-class online ACT prep program. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your ACT score by 4 points or more. Our program is entirely online, and it customizes what you study to your strengths and weaknesses. If you liked this ACT Writing lesson, you'll love our program.Along with more detailed lessons, you'll get your ACT essays hand-graded by a master instructor who will give you customized feedback on how you can improve. We'll also give you a step-by-step program to follow so you'll never be confused about what to study next. 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Comparative Criminology - Prostitution in China and the USA Essay

Comparative Criminology - Prostitution in China and the USA - Essay Example The interpretavist approach is sceptical of universal interpretations and brings the variations as a result of cultures to surface. Interpretavist approach is based on orientalism whereby, they focus more on bringing out the differences. On the other hand, positivism is based on Occidentalism that denies differences and aims on establishing generalizations and similarities. (Maguire et.al, 2007 & Cain, 2000, 239-260) Therefore, the aforementioned approaches to the subject have been deemed very useful in further elaborating it; however, using an example to demonstrate the subject will provide empirical evidences and knowledge regarding the subject. Therefore, in order to shed greater light on the matter, the following substance of the prose will examine the exact nature; similarities and differences between the criminal behaviour as a result of cultural and epidemiological variations. (Cain, 2000, 239-260) II. Prostitution in China and the United States of America Prostitution is the act of providing sexual services in return for a monetary payment, and is one of the oldest known professions. Individuals involved in this profession are called ‘prostitutes’ and the legality of this activity varies from country to country. Prostitutes and brothels, which are special establishment that are the foreground of prostitution, pervade societies from the world over. Though, it exists in every society and culture but the main focus will remain on China and America. As it is mentioned earlier, prostitution is one of the oldest known professions; therefore, the most fundamental similarity between both countries would be that the sex industry has been in existence for a very long time. In both countries, women are largely involved in... The essay "Comparative Criminology - Prostitution in China and the USA" examines the exact nature, similarities and differences between the criminal behavior as a result of cultural and epidemiological variations. Prostitution is the act of providing sexual services in return for a monetary payment and is one of the oldest known professions. Individuals involved in this profession are called ‘prostitutes’ and the legality of this activity varies from country to country. Prostitutes and brothels, which are a special establishment that is the foreground of prostitution, pervade societies from the world over. Though it exists in every society and culture the main focus will remain on China and America. Prostitution is one of the oldest known professions; therefore, the most fundamental similarity between both countries would be that the sex industry has been in existence for a very long time. In both countries, women are largely involved in prostitution cases; though in the last few decades male prostitution has also surfaced and they also include people who have immigrant status in the country. The sex industry in China and the United Stated of America has been on the boom, prior to the massive attention it has attracted from the media and the way it is portrayed by them. After the communist revolution in China, the ruling faction in China established a resolve to eradicate prostitution and brothels from China, a social issue that had become quite rampant in both urban and rural regions of the country.

A scientific report about air pollution due to automotive emissions Lab

A scientific about air pollution due to automotive emissions - Lab Report Example Nevertheless, the increased levels, even in converters that are 10 years old, are still lower than the emissions of engines that do not have converters. The world’s population doubled from 3 billion in 1959 to 6 billion in 1999 (International Data Base, 2008). This rapid rise has led to increased demand and use of modern transportation, majority of which, run on the fossil fuels petroleum and diesel. The burning of fossil fuels to power automotives results in production of compounds that do not burn completely to their elemental forms. These products are carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, carbon dioxide, and nitrous oxides. Carbon monoxide is toxic even in small amounts. Carbon dioxide is the major greenhouse gas, contributing largely to global warming. Nitrous oxides react with water in the environment and are a major contributor to acid rain and the consequent problems associated with acid rain (Driscoll, 2001). Reducing vehicular emissions can be achieved by the use of a catalytic converter, which first came about in 1975 (Environmental Protection Agency, 1994). This simple device is used to reduce harmful emissions to less harmful forms and amounts. As the name implies, the catalytic converter acts by mediating the conversion of nitrous oxides, carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons to nitrogen gas, oxygen and carbon dioxide. The converter has both reduction and oxidation catalysts consisting of a ceramic structure coated with the metal catalysts (platinum, rhodium and/or palladium, and recently, gold). Gold, aside from being cheaper, increases oxidation by up to 40 percent (Kanellos, 2007). Exhaust coming from the engine passes through the converter and is released after the gases have been transformed to less harmful compounds. The objectives of this experiment were to compare the emission levels of automotive that are run by diesel and petrol without catalytic converters, and to test the effect of converter age and speed of the vehicle

Electronic Control Unit And Engine Management System Engineering Essay

Electronic Control Unit And Engine Management System Engineering Essay Ever since we have established RHR Engineering workshop, we have carried out several ECU (Electronic Control Unit) mapping. Keeping this in mind, I have decided to make a report on ECU, and its operation for our technicians. This report will instruct our technicians on ECU operation, function, features, and its principles. P1 The ECU (Electronic Control Unit) or otherwise known as Engine Management System is a computer which controls every action and reaction of the Engine. The ECU consists of an 8-32bit microprocessor, Random Access Memory (RAM), Read Only Memory (ROM), and an Input/Output interface, Analogue Digital converters and in some cases Electronic Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory (EEPROM). Random Access Memory (RAM) is a flash memory, which is erased once the car is switched off. It provides the ECU with the data which is needed at the moment of operation. Whereas, Read Only Memory (ROM) is permanent memory, therefore it is non-erasable. It stores all the functions, and module of the operating systems e.g. Ignition Timing, Injection Timing. EEPROM is a sophisticated type of memory, which could be found in Aftermarket, and High Valued vehicles. The Function remains the same as ROM, but the function module could be edited or erased by the driver according to his/her desire, via sending comm ands through on dash buttons or by connecting a Computer to the ECU (only in case of Aftermarket ECU). EEPROM provides the driver with choice of driving style, performance output, and handling characteristics. Analogue digital converters are used to converts digital signals into analogue signals and vice versa. For example, speed sensors convert digital signal into analogue signal i.e. Speed gauge. gsensorinstall The ECU controls almost all the running gear of the vehicle. The main operating system, which ECU has to control in order to run the engine, is the Fuel Injection System, Ignition Timing, and the Idle Speed Control system. Based on information from the input sensors (engine coolant temperature sensor, Manifold Absolute Pressure sensor, Air Flow sensor etc.), the ECU determines optimum settings for the output actuators (Injectors, Idle Speed Control Valve etc.). Modern day Vehicles are equipped with sophisticated ECUs. They have several other features such as, Traction Control, Cruise Control, Active Suspension, Electronic Ignition System, Variable Valve Timing activator, and ABS (Anti-Lock Brake System). They also work as diagnostic software, as it houses several Sensors and Actuators around the vehicle. The ECU operates on information sent by the sensors. If any correction is to be made, or if any function needs to be carried out, it does it using actuators. Input signal are received by the sensors and output signals are given to the actuators. All the information is processed in digital format. Motronic_english The main function of the ECU is to carry out checks to ensure correct running of the engine. The most common checks are as follows: Fuel injection: Ignition timing Idle Emission control These checks are necessary so that the vehicle will meet the emission standards, maintain fuel economy, and be reliable. P2 The input signals received by the ECU are sent by the Sensors. The sensors act as a stimulus of the ECU. The 3 most commonly found Sensors are described as follows: 1) Air mass meter: There are 2 types of air mass meter, hot wire type, and vane type. They both serve the same function, although the material used is different. An air mass meter is located after the air filter and before the intake plenum. The air mass meter provides the ECU with an analogue signal that indicates the amount of air being drawn into the engine. The ECU then takes this value to add the correct amount of fuel to maintain the 14.7:1, air: fuel ratio. ford_probe_air_mass_meter The most common type of air mass meter is the HOT Wire type air mass meter. It is mainly used in multi-point injector system. It uses an electrified wire, which acts as a resistor. During operation the wire is heated, but when the air passes over the heated wire, it cools, thus changing the resistance. The ECU monitors the resistance value and can work out how much air is entering the engine. AirMassMeterWire 2) Oxygen/ Lambda Sensor: The main function of the oxygen sensor is to measure the amount of oxygen content exiting the exhaust. It also serves the purpose to ensure that the air/fuel mixture is chemically correct. An oxygen sensor is fitted between the exhaust manifold and the catalyst converter. oxygen_sensor_1 sensor4 Oxygen sensor has to heat up to approx 350 degrees Celsius to work properly. They send a signal to the ECU via voltage to enable the ECU to maintain, or to correct the air/ fuel ratio. The ceramic tip on the end of the oxygen sensor that protrudes into the exhaust manifold becomes porous and allows the oxygen ions to flow through the tip. This creates the signal voltage, which changes with change in oxygen level inside the exhaust. This signal is therefore transmitted to the fuel injection or to the ECU, which alters the fuel quantity as necessary, until the oxygen content of the exhaust gas is correct for efficient catalytic converter operation, and to maintain fuel economy. 3) Throttle position sensor: It detects the position of the throttle plate. The ECU maintains the engine idle speed at a given value e.g. 800 revs per minute. The ECU identifies when the engine is at idle from the information supplied by the throttle position sensor. T-BodySm The throttle position sensor incorporates a potentiometer. The wiper of the potentiometer is connected to the throttle plate, so that as the throttle is moved from the closed, to wide-open, the voltage signal from the sensor changes. The voltage signal is passed to the ECU, and used to determine the exact position of the throttle, and the rate at which the throttle is being opened and closed. It helps the ECU to access driverà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s intensions, such as the intention to rapidly accelerate, by detecting the speed or the rate at which the throttle is being opened. P3 The output signal from the ECU is received by the Actuators. An actuator is a mechanical device which transforms electrical signal into kinetic / mechanical energy. E.g. Injectors, Fuel Pump, idle speed control valve. There are 3 types of actuators, Solenoid type e.g. Injector, EGR (Exhaust Gas Recirculation Valve) Valve, Stepper Motor type e.g. Idle Speed Control Valve, and a DC (Direct Current) Motor type e.g. Fuel Pump. solenoid The Solenoid type actuator uses a coil of wire around a soft metal, through which when the current passes it produces a magnetic field. This magnetic field is used to convert electrical energy into mechanical energy (linear motion) e.g. Injector Injector: fuelinjector The function of the injector is to deliver a finely atomized spray of fuel to the inlet manifold or the cylinder head. It is located on the inlet manifold after the throttle body. injector solenoid off The injector solenoid is connected directly to the battery via a relay; the earth circuit for the injector is connected to the ECU. When the ECU completes the earth circuit the injector circuit is completed. Once the injector circuit is completed, the current is passed to the solenoid (electromagnetic Coil); this in turn produces magnetic energy, and attracts the plunger (needle valve), thus opening the diffuser nozzle, and delivering fuel to the inlet manifold or the combustion chamber. injector solenoid on A DC (Direct Current) Motor coverts electrical energy into mechanical energy (rotary motion). The most common example of DC motor type actuator is Fuel Pump. motor The DC motor works by electromagnetism. The magnetic force acts perpendicular to both wire and magnetic field. When electric current passes through a coil in a magnetic field, the magnetic force produces torque which turns the DC motor. Fuel Pump: The fuel pump supplies the injector with adequate fuel at a sufficient pressure to allow the injectors to give good atomization. In modern day vehicles it is located inside the fuel tank, in order to keep the pump cool, and reduce the noise of operation. Electric_Fuel_Pump Unlike the Stepper Motor, the fuel pump runs on a DC (Direct Current) Motor, therefore it has a continuous operation, and earth connection. Modern day vehicle are fitted with High Pressure Roller- Cell type fuel pumps. The Roller cell Pump is an example of DC motor, as it converts electrical energy into mechanical energy (rotary motion). When the fuel enters the pump it is compressed by rotating cells which force it through the pump at a high pressure. efi_1-0 The pump can produce a pressure of 8 bar (120 psi. Within the pump is a pressure limiting valve, which maintain the pressure through the fuel pump. The other end of the pump (output) is home to a non-return valve which, when the voltage to the pump is removed, it closes the return to the tank, and maintains pressure within the system. The normal operating pressure within this system is approximately 2 bar (30 psi), at which the current draw on the pump is 3 to 5 amps. Stepper Motor is an analogue actuator. They are used to convert electrical energy into mechanical energy (rotational movement). Unlike a conventional motor, a stepper motor will rotate but in stages and not full rotations, therefore it can open and close airways partially. step-rot The most common type of stepper motor actuator is an Idle Speed Control Valve. Idle Speed Control Valve (ISCV): The Idle Speed Control Valve is used to either regulate the bypass of air around the throttle butterfly or as a throttle motor controlling the position of the throttle butterfly. The ECU constantly alters the control signal to the motor or valve to maintain a constant idle speed. T-BodySm In an idle speed control valve, a stepper motor is built into the ISCV where it rotates a valve shaft either in or out. This in turn increases or decreases the clearance between the valve and the valve seat, therefore regulating the amount of air allowed to pass through thus controlling the idle. The idle increases when the Air Condition is switched on, this is because of the load on engine received by Air Condition. M2 Performance of the sensors depends on their location. A hot wire air mass meter will not perform well if it was placed above the exhaust manifold, as it will heat the wire, and give false reading of air drawn in. This error will result in incorrect air/fuel mixture, high engine temperature, and producing far more emissions. An oxygen sensor will perform best at approximately 350 °C. the operating temperature of the sensor is affected by the location in the exhaust: too close to the exhaust manifold can lead to overheating, this will result in burning the heating element or the filaments inside thus emitting harmful gases (CO, HC) in the atmosphere, too far from the exhaust manifold and the sensor may not reach its correct operating temperature, this will result in emitting harmful gases (CO, HC) in the atmosphere. gsensorboard The location of the ECU also matters. Keeping the ECU in the engine bay can overheat the processor inside the ECU causing delays in input and output signals. The best location for the ECU is under the Passenger compartment, this will keep the temperature low, and it is beneficial for the micro processor to perform its task well. M1 Earlier example of ECU were not as sophisticated as modern ECU. Older ECUs were used on Single Point Injector system. They were simpler than the modern day ECU, as it used fewer components, and had less function to carry out. 10 Single Point injection ECU had to only carry out fuel injection; it still used the conventional ignition system, and had very few sensors, and actuators. Against the modern day ECU it has few advantages and disadvantages. Advantages Disadvantages Fewer components therefore cutting cost Less control over the engine Less components to go wrong Manual diagnostic Fuel is well atomized Inappropriate fuel distribution Having less components means it had less control over correct running of the engine, and meeting the emission standards. This major disadvantage lead to the development of a much sophisticated ECU which could be found in modern day vehicle e.g. Multi-Point Injection System. multipoint Multi-Point injection system houses more sensors and actuators than the Single Point injection system. The components used in addition to Single Point injection are mentioned below. Climate control Cruise Control Traction control Pre and Post Lambda sensor. Variable Valve Timing actuator. Knock Sensor Oil Sensor Hall Effect Sensor One major addition to the whole operation of the multi-point injection system is the ignition system. Multi Point injection system uses individual coil per each cylinder, whereas Single Point injection system uses the conventional ignition system. The basic principle of operation for each coil remains the same as the conventional. By having single coil per cylinder, the time available to build up coil energy is greater than having a single coil providing spark to all cylinders. For example on an eight cylinder engine with eight individual ignition coils, each coil will have 8 x longer time to complete one whole ignition cycle compared to the conventional engine using single coil for all cylinders. The available à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€¹Ã…“dwellà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢ time is therefore also up to eight times longer. And there will no wasted spark. Therefore, the car will need no tuning for speed advance, or load advance, and spark will me more efficient. Multi-Point injection system has more components, therefore having more control over the engine, and meeting the emission standard. It helps the engine to run more cleaner, and perform better, with respect to any weather conditions. It also improves the fuel economy, as distribution of fuel is appropriate to each cylinder.

Emile Durkheim: Social Change Theory Essay

Emile Durkheim, the father of sociology, in his text the Rules of Sociological Method, has asserted that the disciplinal distinction between the social and natural sciences necessitates the differentiation in the variables and processes of analysis. This is why the idea of social facts was conceived, to refer to the intangibles that occur as product of social interactions between humans, who creates realities because of the constant cycle of agreement-disagreement, decision-making, and rationalization. The observable, and sometimes unconscious, social occurrences and structures that operate in the society are what constitute social facts. The social facts are realities that are not stagnant and inflexible as they are constantly subject to social change. The social change theory is the understanding that the dynamic interactions in the social milieu create phenomena that is continual and constant – change. This change is hence the product of societal structures that determines processes and mechanisms that results in particular outcomes. The Social Change Theory It is important to note that throughout history, different scholars offered different lenses in analyzing the reality of social change. How a particular thinker perceives the concept of change has often mirrored the social conditions of the era. Haferkamp and Smelser (1998) notes that it was during the French and Industrial Revolutions, periods of social dynamism, has ushered the focus and locus on the concept of social change in the understanding of the interaction and vibrancy of units of the society. Philosophical thinkers had thus began the movement from the recognition of natural constants and the inclination to support contractual, natural occurrences, to eventually recognize the potentiality of social change as the theoretical angle in comprehension of social phenomena. The understanding of social change does not confine itself to the elucidation of the present, but also the explication of historical experiences of humans, like the ancient empires or the civilizations. Meanwhile, the contemporary approach of social change theory develops itself into creating an order that is more generalized so as to illuminate the problems and processes of change in a broader view of the present and the past. According to Haferkamp and Smelser (1998), the theory of social must include three fundamental elements that relates and links up to one another: (1) structural determinants, (2) processes and mechanisms, and (3) directions and consequences. Below is the graphical illustration of the elements of social change: The above representation may seem simple, but the social change follows the process, of mechanisms and social processes being dictated by structural determinants, which results into outputs and consequences that are accumulated. It is also important to note that although the social change theories are considered fundamentals in the sociological study and discipline, it is nevertheless wanting of more theoretical development. Social change theories are in fact not devoid of problems. Although social changes is beyond the limits and often exceeds the explanations of single (mono-causal) theories, such theory is still consequential in explaining some realities. Such theories of course tend to disintegrate once confronted by changes that are unprecedented or when employed for purposes of prescription or prediction. Meanwhile, the complex multi-causal theories encounters difficulty in harmonizing multitudes of variables and determinants that produces multiple outcomes, making it more difficult to construct. The prospects of social change theory are of course not to be denied, as it aptly explains the dynamic structures that operate in the social setting. The contribution of Emile Durkheim, which would be discussed in the subsequent paragraphs, contributed immensely in the crafting and development of the theories of social change. Durkheim’s Theory of Social Change The air does not cease to have weight, although we do not feel that weight. –Emile Durkheim The contribution of Durkheim of the idea of â€Å"social facts† has contributed vastly to the sociological analysis during his and the contemporary period, as he poses the hypothesis that humans are essentially surrounded and enclosed in the countless facts and realities, which is in existence even without recognition or knowledge of such particular reality. Similar to the person’s inability to always feel the weight of the air, it does not signify the absence of the weight or of the air; this illustrates how people are not always capable of discerning realities – social facts, whose presence in fact are never absent or lacking, as these facts constantly moves people forward and affect behavior and actions. It awareness only becomes apparent in situations where one deviates from it, like for instance, we become aware of the culture of respect/cleanliness when someone throws his debris on the street. Social transformations are experienced in events where the unexpected and unprecedented is what transpires, and these are essentially the instances that advance the knowledge of the sociologist/philosopher. For Durkheim, social change is represented by transformations in the social morphology -or the structure of social relations that links individuals into a coherent entity, society- and the moral structure -or the body of laws, norms, and sanctions that regulate social life. (Hadis, Sociology and Social Change) For Durkheim, the point of the study of social sciences if to focus on facts that are essentially dissimilar and varied from the subject of the natural science, which is why something as intangible as, for example, culture, is a point of discussion and analysis for Durkheim. Social science hence is a study that distinguishes itself from the natural science, and therefore necessitates recognition of facts that are products of human and social interaction – social fact. Durkheim studies he reasons why suicide happens,w hich he concludes is a product of normlessness, which is a product of prevailing culture, which mirrors life of the individual – and what is more intangible than culture and life. Durkheim was concerned with anomie, a pathological -and, thus, temporary- characteristic of societies in which the division of labor does not evolve naturally, but may be forced by unequal social relations among classes. (Hadis, Sociology and Social Change) Durkheim’s scheme of social change involves a contrast between a simple division of labor and a corresponding mechanic solidarity, on the one hand, and a complex division of labor accompanied now by what he called organic solidarity, on the other. (Hadis, Sociologya and Social Change) The anomie is in the society is used by Durkheim to defer to the declining morality of individuals, and it is something that confronts the individual when they are not bounded by moral constraints, therefore creating confusions between what is morally right or otherwise. It is in the context of collective social morality that social change is most mirrored and become promising. In a society that gives premium to individualism, which is not morally bad (except for egoism), the solution is the formation of collective morality. The point of social change hence is that social facts are constantly subject to transformations and evolutions that are responses to existing values, situations, and structures that determine social outcomes and processes. Durkheim uses differentiation in his explication of the social change theory; Alexander (in Haferkamp and Smelser, 1992) explains it clearly: He used differentiation theory to grope with issues that are generic to the study of social changes as such. Each of Division’s three parts represents one important way in which social change has been conceptualized: through the construction of general models, through developing accounts of social process, and through historically specific analyses of tensions and strains. Durkheim’s problem, in other words, is an enduring one with which every perspective on change must come to grips. The problem of integration is one of the fundamental problems for Durkheim. In the reality of social change in how the labor structure is being organized, how is it therefore possible for the society to maintain order and stability? Durkheim has highlighted in his work how the perpetual action diversity has affected the society, and how the process and social structures has taken the perpetual cycle of bound and rebound. The social change theory of Emile Durkheim gives the clear picture of how cultural determinants are strong factors for the change dynamics and outcomes in the society. Differentiation hence becomes important, as social phenomena are complex occurrences that are not capable of being confined by inflexible theories. The understanding of social change is a product therefore of the analytical accommodation to encompass and recognize the cultural and social facts that operates and dictates the transformations occurring in the social milieu. References Durkheim, Emile. (1982). The Rules of Sociological Method and Selected Texts on Sociology and its Method. Steven Lukes, Ed. USA: The Free Press. Hadis, Benjamin. â€Å"Sociology and Social Change†. Accessed 22 January 2008 Haferkamp, Hans and Neil Smelser, Eds. (1992). Social Change and Modernity. USA: University of California Press. Noble, Trevor. (2000). Social Theory and Social Change. USA: Palgrave.